For how long do federal judges typically serve in their positions?

• A. 10 years
• B. Until the age of 70
• C. For life, unless they resign or are removed
• D. 5 years with an option for renewal

Answer: (C)

Federal judges typically serve for life, unless they resign, retire, or are removed from office through impeachment. This lifetime appointment is established by Article III of the U.S. Constitution, which states that federal judges "shall hold their Offices during good Behaviour." This provision is intended to ensure judicial independence by insulating judges from political pressures and allowing them to make decisions based on the law rather than on public opinion or political consequences.

The option discussing tenure until a certain age, like 70, does not accurately reflect the provisions under federal law, as there is no mandatory retirement age for federal judges. The choices related to fixed terms, such as 10 years or 5 years with an option for renewal, also do not apply to federal judges, as their terms are not bound by any time limits. Thus, the notion of lifetime appointments aligns with the founding principles of the judiciary's role in upholding the law impartially and without fear of retribution or pressure.